Presentation of risk assessment models for cardiovascular disease

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality worldwide and an important public health issue with a serious social and economic impact. Cardiovascular risk assessment models (long and short term) have been developed since 1950, which are based on the examination of various risk factors. Aim: To present indicative models of cardiovascular risk, to compare and apply them in clinical practice. Methodology: A review of the literature was performed on the databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. The search was done in a simple, complex and combined way to identify studies and tools for cardiovascular risk assessment. Results: The review resulted in 24 models of cardiovascular risk assessment. CVDs are a consequence of multiple risk factors. More than 80% of patients with established CVD have a history of at least one of the major modifiable risk factors: smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The best risk assessment tools are those that provide total cardiovascular risk and allow professionals to manage them accordingly. Conclusions: The use of these algorithms can form the basis for developing modern strategies for predicting cardiovascular disease and therefore early diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Keywords: Risk, risk assessment, cardiovascular disease, model, algorithm